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Modern warfare is rapidly evolving from being the sole domain of soldiers, tanks, and fighters. Swarms of UAVs, guided by artificial intelligence, now fill the skies and can strike enemy targets with pinpoint accuracy. This revolution in warfare has blurred the lines between man and machine, resulting in a need for reassessment of military capabilities.
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The demand for drones has surged over the last few years, with countries actively using UAVs for intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance, and target operations. These aerial vehicles offer a bird’s eye view of the battlefield, making it difficult for targets to move and hide from the conflict zone.
Drones were a prominent feature of the conflict in the Nagorno-Karabakh region between Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020. They have been clouding the skies across several towns and cities during the Russia-Ukraine war, which defense experts see as the arrival of a new threat in the aerial defense space.
The US has been operating drones for about a century, having first deployed them during World War II and more recently during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2023, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced Replicator, an initiative to build ‘attritable autonomous systems’ in mass over the next 18-24 months. Moreover, the Air Force is developing drone wingmen to fly alongside its fighter and bomber jets under the Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) program. The first two CCA fighters were unveiled in March this year.
However, defense experts view the proliferation of UAVs as a security threat, with American troops increasingly coming under attack from non-state actors in the Middle East. Policymakers in Washington also worry about China getting a leaf out of the Kremlin’s book (Ukraine war) and launching similar strikes against US interests in the Pacific.
Much work is going into guarding countries against the threats posed by UAVs. In October 2024, the DoD awarded a $250 million contract to Anduril Industries to counter drone attacks against American forces. Under the contract, the US will receive 500 recoverable Roadrunner interceptors, which are reusable drones that can intercept incoming drones or land back on the ground if they are not engaged.